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S11.


Solution:

The partial differential equation can be written by expressing the Laplace operator as follow:
$              \frac{\partial^2 U(x,y,t)}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2 U(x,y,t)}{\partial y^2}= \frac{1}{c^2}\frac{\partial^2 U(x,y,t) }{\partial t^2}

 
Let’s apply the Fourier transformation first by x and then y.
$                  U(jp,jq,t)= \mathfrak{F}_y\left \{ \mathfrak{F}_x \left \{ U(x,y,t) \right \} \right \} = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} U(x,y,t)e^{-jpx} e^{-jpy}dxdy = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} U(x,y,t)e^{-j(p+q)}dxdy

It is known from the Fourier transformation rules:
$        \mathfrak{F}\left \{ \frac{\mathrm{d}^n f(t))}{\mathrm{d} t^n} \right \}=(j\omega)^n\mathfrak{F}\left \{ f(t) \right \}

Let’s execute Fourier transformation on both side of partial differential equation:
$             \mathfrak{F}_{x,y} \left \{ \frac{\partial^2 U(x,y,t)}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2 U(x,y,t)}{\partial y^2} \right \} = \mathfrak{F}_{x,y} \left \{ \frac{1}{c^2}\frac{\partial^2 U(x,y,t) }{\partial t^2} \right \}

$            \mathfrak{F}_{x,y} \left \{ \frac{\partial^2 U(x,y,t)}{\partial x^2}  \right \} =(jp)^2 \mathfrak{F}_{x,y} \left \{ U(x,y,t) \right \} =-p^2U(jp,jq,t)

$          \mathfrak{F}_{x,y} \left \{ \frac{\partial^2 U(x,y,t)}{\partial y^2}  \right \} =(jq)^2 \mathfrak{F}_{x,y} \left \{ U(x,y,t) \right \} =-q^2U(jp,jq,t)

$            \mathfrak{F}_{x,y} \left \{ \frac{\partial^2 U(x,y,t)}{\partial t^2}  \right \} = \frac{\partial^2 U(jp,jq,t)}{\partial t^2}

The second ordered partial differential equation has been transformed to second order linear differential equation with constant coefficient.
$       \frac{\mathrm{d}^2 U(jp,jq,t) }{\mathrm{d} t^2} = -c^2(p^2+q^2)U(jp,jq,t)

It is known, the solution of that differential equation is:
$                  U(jp,jq,t)= A\text{cos}(c\sqrt{p^2+q^2})t + B\text{sin}(c\sqrt{p^2+q^2})t like harmonic oscillator.

Let’s use the available initial condition in Fourier frequency space:
$               \left.\begin{matrix} U(jp,jq,0)=   F(jp,jq)

\\ 
\\
\left.\begin{matrix}
\frac{\partial U(jp,jq,0) }{\partial t}
\end{matrix}\right|_{t=0}=G(jp,jq)
\end{matrix}\right\}

Consequently:
$          \frac{\partial U(jp,jq,0) }{\partial t}= \frac{\partial }{\partial t} \left [A\text{cos}(c\sqrt{p^2+q^2}t) + B\text{sin}(c\sqrt{p^2+q^2}t) \right ]_{t=0}=G(jp,jq)

$           \left [-Ac\sqrt{p^2+q^2}\text{sin}(c\sqrt{p^2+q^2}t)+ B c\sqrt{p^2+q^2}\text{cos}(c\sqrt{p^2+q^2})t  \right ]_{t=0}=G(jp,jq)

$                  Bc\sqrt{p^2+q^2}=G(jp,jq)

$                  B(p,q)=\frac{G(jp,jq)}{ c\sqrt{p^2+q^2}}

$              \left.\begin{matrix}
U(jp,jq,t)
\end{matrix}\right|_{t=0}=F(jp,jq)=  \left.\begin{matrix}
\left [ A\text{cos}(c\sqrt{p^2+q^2})t + B\text{sin}(c\sqrt{p^2+q^2})t   \right ] 
\end{matrix}\right|_{t=0}

$                  F(jp,jq)=A(p,q)

Consequently $                  U(jp,jq,t) is expressed by the initial condition in frequency space (i.e. by Fourier transformed expression):

$                  U(jp,jq,t)=F(jp,jq) \text{cos}(c\sqrt{p^2+q^2})t + \frac{G(jp,jq)}{ c\sqrt{p^2+q^2}} \text{sin}(c\sqrt{p^2+q^2})t

Then $                  U(jp,jq,t) can be obtained by the p and q variables inverse Fourier transformation
$                  u(x,y,t).

$                  u(x,y,t)=  \mathfrak{F}_{p,q}^{-1}\left \{ U(jp,jq,t) \right \} = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \frac{1}{2\pi}U(jp,jq,t)e^{j(px+qy)}dpdq

$                  U(x,y,t)= \frac{1}{2\pi} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \left [F(jp,jq) \text{cos}(c\sqrt{p^2+q^2})t + \frac{G(jp,jq)}{ c\sqrt{p^2+q^2}} \text{sin}(c\sqrt{p^2+q^2})t  \right ]dpdq

 
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